Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is usually associated with which condition?

Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is primarily associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD). This condition often occurs as a component of certain congenital heart defects, notably in combination with VSD. The infundibular region refers to the area beneath the pulmonary valve, and when there is a ventricular septal defect, there can be abnormal flow dynamics that lead to narrowing in this region, thereby causing infundibular stenosis.

Ventricular septal defects result in increased volume load on the right ventricle, leading to hypertrophy and potentially narrowing of the infundibular area over time. This association is particularly evident in conditions such as Tetralogy of Fallot, where VSD is present along with right ventricular outflow obstruction, which is often due to infundibular stenosis.

In contrast, atrial septal defect, mitral valve prolapse, and peripheral vascular disease do not have a direct relationship with infundibular pulmonary stenosis, reinforcing that the most relevant association in this context is with ventricular septal defect. Understanding these connections is crucial for identifying and managing congenital heart defects effectively.