What characterizes carcinoid heart disease?

Carcinoid heart disease is primarily associated with the effects of serotonin and other vasoactive substances that are secreted by carcinoid tumors, particularly when the tumors are metastasized to the liver. One of the hallmark features of this condition is the thickening and fibrosis of the right-sided heart valves, especially the tricuspid valve. In carcinoid heart disease, the tricuspid valve leaflets become thickened, shortened, and immobile due to fibrous deposits, which can lead to dysfunction and regurgitation. This alteration is a direct consequence of the abnormal substances produced by the carcinoid tumor, which have a significant impact on the right heart structures.

These pathological changes lead to various clinical manifestations, including right heart failure and valvular insufficiency. Since the affected valves do not properly open or close, this can result in impaired blood flow and increased pressures in the right atrium and ventricle.

The other characteristics mentioned in the other options, such as myocardial thinning, left ventricular dilation, or mitral valve stenosis, do not typically correlate with carcinoid heart disease. Instead, they are commonly associated with different cardiac conditions and do not capture the specific pathophysiological changes seen in this particular disease