What is a fenestration in the context of heart valves?

In the context of heart valves, a fenestration refers specifically to a hole or perforation in the valve structure. This condition can occur in any of the heart valves and is often a result of pathological processes, such as infection or degenerative changes. A fenestration can compromise the normal function of the valve, potentially leading to regurgitation, where blood leaks backward, or it may impede normal flow dynamics within the heart. Understanding this term is crucial for cardiac sonographers, as recognizing fenestrations during echocardiography helps in diagnosing valve-related disorders and planning appropriate management strategies.