What is a heterograph or xenograph?

A heterograph, also known as a xenograft, refers specifically to a bioprosthetic valve that is derived from animal tissue and implanted into humans. This type of valve utilizes biological materials to create a structure that mimics the natural tissue of the heart, facilitating better integration and function within the human body.

The application of animal tissues, generally porcine or bovine, in creating heart valves is significant because it provides an alternative to mechanical valves, allowing for a more natural response from the body. Heterographs are designed to reduce the risk of rejection compared to human-donor tissues or mechanical alternatives.

In contrast, the other choices pertain to different types of valves or devices that do not fall under the category of heterographs. Synthetic heart valves involve man-made materials, human tissue valves refer to those derived from human donors, and mechanical valves consist of engineered components designed for durable, long-term function without biological materials. Understanding the distinctions among these types is crucial for professionals in the cardiac sonography field, particularly when evaluating valve options for surgical procedures.