What potential consequence does a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) cause?

A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the lungs in a fetus, fails to close after birth. This persistent connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery causes blood to flow abnormally, resulting in increased blood flow to the pulmonary circulation.

The correct answer emphasizes the strain on the right ventricle. The additional volume of blood that flows into the pulmonary artery from the aorta leads to increased pressure and volume in the pulmonary circulation. Consequently, this elevated blood flow can cause the right ventricle to work harder to accommodate the increased volume returning to it from the lungs. Over time, this can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy and potential heart failure due to the increased workload.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial because it highlights the significance of early diagnosis and potential intervention for patients with PDA to mitigate the strain on the right ventricle and prevent further cardiac complications.