What structural abnormality can be detected in cases of tetralogy of Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a congenital heart defect that consists of four specific structural anomalies, one of which is right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This obstruction is caused by a narrowing that can occur either at the level of the ventricular outflow tract or at the pulmonary valve itself, leading to difficulties in blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. This obstruction is a hallmark feature of ToF and contributes to the cyanotic heart disease presentation often seen in affected patients.

In addition to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, ToF is characterized by other features such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), right ventricular hypertrophy, and an aorta that straddles the VSD. Although tricuspid regurgitation, atrial enlargement, and issues with the coronary arteries can be associated with various other conditions or complications, they are not defining features of tetralogy of Fallot itself. Thus, the recognition of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction is crucial for the diagnosis and management of this condition.