Which of the following can cause diastolic dysfunction?

Diastolic dysfunction refers to the heart’s impaired ability to adequately fill with blood during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle. All the options listed contribute to this condition in different ways.

Infiltrative myopathy can lead to diastolic dysfunction as it stiffens the myocardium, reducing its ability to relax properly during diastole. Conditions such as amyloidosis or hemochromatosis, which can cause infiltrative myopathy, disrupt the normal expansion of the ventricles, resulting in impaired filling.

Aortic regurgitation can also lead to diastolic dysfunction due to the volume overload of the left ventricle. As the heart compensates for the backflow of blood from the aorta during diastole, it can lead to left ventricular dilation. Over time, the increased workload can alter the ventricular compliance, introducing difficulties in proper filling.

Mitral stenosis primarily affects diastolic function because it obstructs blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole. The increased pressure in the left atrium can lead to elevation in pulmonary venous pressure and can cause symptoms related to diastolic dysfunction.

Each of these conditions contributes to an impaired filling of the heart during